STOP TALKING! Inhibition of Speech is Affected by Word Frequency and Dysfunctional Impulsivity
نویسندگان
چکیده
Speaking is a complex natural behavior that most people master very well. Nevertheless, systematic investigation of the factors that affect adaptive control over speech production is relatively scarce. The present experiments quantified and compared inhibitory control over manual and verbal responses using the stop-signal paradigm. In tasks with only two response alternatives, verbal expressions were slower than manual responses, but the stopping latencies of hand and verbal actions were comparable. When engaged in a standard picture-naming task using a large set of pictures, verbal stopping latencies were considerably prolonged. Interestingly, stopping was slower for naming words that are less frequently used compared to words that are used more frequently. These results indicate that adaptive action control over speech production is affected by lexical processing. This notion is compatible with current theories on speech self-monitoring. Finally, stopping latencies varied with individual differences in impulsivity, indicating that specifically dysfunctional impulsivity, and not functional impulsivity, is associated with slower verbal stopping.
منابع مشابه
Genetic markers of striatal dopamine predict individual differences in dysfunctional, but not functional impulsivity.
Various psychiatric disorders are characterized by elevated levels of impulsivity. Although extensive evidence supports a specific role of striatal, but not frontal dopamine (DA) in human impulsivity, recent studies on genetic variability have raised some doubts on such a role. Importantly, impulsivity consists of two dissociable components that previous studies have failed to separate: functio...
متن کاملThe effects of impulsivity and proactive inhibition on reactive inhibition and the go process: insights from vocal and manual stop signal tasks
This study measured proactive and reactive response inhibition and their relationships with self-reported impulsivity. We examined the domains of both vocal and manual responding using a stop signal task (SST) with two stop probabilities: high and low probability stop (1/3 and 1/6 stops respectively). Our aim was to evaluate the effect stop probability would have on reactive and proactive inhib...
متن کاملThe Effect of Word Meaning on Speech DysFluency in Adults with Developmental Stuttering
Objectives: Stuttering is one of the most prevalent speech and language disorders. Symptomology of stuttering has been surveyed from different aspects such as biological, developmental, environmental, emotional, learning and linguistic. Previous researches in English-speaking people have suggested that some linguistic features such as word meanings may play a role in the frequency of speech non...
متن کاملEfficacy of Mindfulness Based on Cognitive Therapy on Impulsivity and Self- Inhibition in Patients with Bipolar Disorder under Medical Treatment
Introduction: Bipolar disorder is combined with chronic symptoms that have effect on cognitive abilities and executive functions. The purpose of present study was to investigate efficacy of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on impulsivity and self-inhibition in the patients with bipolar disorder under medical treatment. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest desi...
متن کاملسایکوآکوستیک و درک گفتار در افراد مبتلا به نوروپاتی شنوایی و افراد طبیعی
Background: The main result of hearing impairment is reduction of speech perception. Patient with auditory neuropathy can hear but they can not understand. Their difficulties have been traced to timing related deficits, revealing the importance of the neural encoding of timing cues for understanding speech. Objective: In the present study psychoacoustic perception (minimal noticeable differen...
متن کامل